Clutch



w. B. BARNES CLUTCH Junev 27, 1933.

Filed Feb. 26, 1931 2 sheets-sheet 1 2f la* DEH/ING' Den/Erl SHQFT y fla June 27, i933. w B BARNES 1,915,643.

CLUTCH Filed Feb. 26, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet v2 Il@ ff j! n ve nfo'p Mir/ .55E/V5.1;

mi fz Z 4 l atto: uw

Patented June 27,v 1933 UNIT-'EID4 STATES WILLIAM B. BARNES, F AUBURN, INDIANA l CLUTCH Application led February 26, 41/931. Serial No. 51854367.

It has previously been proposed to con--y struct clutches of this type in such a manner that the operative connection between the clutch members through the helical element l may be selectively completed or interrupted by control mechanism in order to render the clutch operative or inoperative at will. Such clutches operate in aV manner which may be termed self-energizing in that the results from the torque transmitted through lthe clutching element and automatically increases as the torque increases, thus distin; guishing clutches of' this type fromother frictional clutches in which the friction between frictionally engaging members results wholly fromeifort externally applied through the control mechanism. 3U It is the object of my invention to produce a clutch that will embody a helical clutching element, which may be rendered operative or inoperative at will, and which will be selfenergizing irrespective of the direction in which the two clutch members tend to rotate.

A further object of my invention is to produce such a clutch which may be controlled to prevent relative rotation of the clutch members in one direction but to permit their free relative rotationin the other direction.

In carrying out my invention, I employ two clutch members one' of which is provided with a clutching surface adapted to be engaged the helical clutching element previously referred to. The ends of the'clutching element are both -connected to the other clutch member through connections which permit suicient rela-tive angular movement of the ends of the` clutching element to cause 5.0 the clutching element to engage or recede from theclutching surface on the first named clutch member. This control mechanism for the clutch takes the form of means for causing relativeangular movement of the ends of the clutching element or for-permitting such frictional grip of the helical clutching ele-v ment on the co-operative clutching surface relative angular movement under the inlluence of relative rotation of the clutch members. f

The accompanyin drawings illustrate a preferred mechanica embodiment of my invention and three modified forms thereof, all of which are illustrative of the idea of my invention the scope of which is to be measured by the appended claims.

` In the drawings: Y 5

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred form of clutch mechanism constructed according to the idea. of this invention.

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken 70 on the li-ne 2 2 of Figure l, looking inthedirection of the arrows. n

Figure' 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 3--3 of Figure `1, looking in il 7- the direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is an elevational view of a clutch spring and a pair of clutch spring actuating members used in the preferred form of the i invention.

Figure 5 is an elevational view of the clutch spring actuating element used in the preferred form of the invention taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 2, a portion thereof being broken away to better illustrate the construction thereof.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal view, partly in elevation and artly in section, showing the construction of)a somewhat modified form of clutch.

Figure 7 is an elevational view ofthe clutch spring actuating element used in the form of clutch illustrated in Figure '6, a portion thereof being broken away to better illustrate the construction thereof. i

Figure 8 is a perspective view of a still further modiiied form of the device of the invenl tion, portions being shown in section to better illustrate the construction thereof.

Figure 9 vis a longitudinal sectional view of the form of clutch illustrated in Figure 8,

and

vFigure 10 is Ia longitudinal sectional view of another modification of the device of the invention.

Referring to the drawings in detail and^ considering first that form, of the invention illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, it will be observed that my improvedelutchdevice is operative to releasably connect together'a pai;` of aligned rotatable shafts, oneof which .110

rwill ordinarily drive the other when the two are connected by the clutch. For the purpose of this descriptionV it will be /ssumed that the shaft 11 1s the driving shaft and transfers power through the clutch structure.

to the driven shaft 9. Theshaft 9 is provided in 'the end thereof with a bearing well i-nto which projects the reduced end portionv of the shaft 11 and is also provided with a cylindrical cup 10 having an annular or circular. in-

terior bearing wall which surrounds the portion of the driving shaft 11 ad'acent to the reduced end thereof. An antiriction bearing may be disposed between the reduced end portion ofthe shaft 11 and the shaft 9 so that except for the clutch structure mentionedV above, the shafts 9 and 11 are freely rotat- 1 ly to be described is therefore constructed for this type of spring. It is toxbe understood', however, that a right-hand sprin may be used with equal facility and, with t e proper spring actuating mechanism, will produce the same results. The internal diameter of the spring 12 is materially greater than the external diameter of the shaft 11, and a pair v of spring actuating elements l15 and 16 are dis osed in the annular space between the sprlng and the shaft. These spring actuating members 15 and 16 are in the form of coaxial annular rings mounted upon the shaft 11 in abutting relation and are provided with spring abutments 17 and 18 respectively projecting radially outwardly from the main body of the rings and against which the ends of the spring 12 are adapted to bear in a tangential or clrcumferential direction. These spring actuating members `are maintained against axial separation on the shaft 11'b'y means of a thrust washer 19 bearing against the inner face of the shaft 9 and an integral collar 19 formed on the shaft 11 approximately in radial alignment with the outer edge of the cup 10. Betweenthe washer 19 and the collar 19 the shaft 11 is provided with longitudinal splines as indicated at 20 and the spring actuating members 15 and 16v are provided with cooperating splines as indicatedl at 21 in Figures 2 and 3 to provide a rotatable driving connection between the driving shaft 11 and the spring actuating members. As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, in both sets of splines 20 and 21 the keyways are'of materially greater angular width than the splines to provide fora limited rotation or oscillation ofthe members 15 and 16 relative to the shaft 11 for a purpose to be later described.

The ends of the spring 12 are so located relative-to each other that when the spring and the two spring actuating members 15 and 16 are mounted upon the splined portion of the shaft 11, and the abutments 17 and 18 are dis osed against the respective ends of the spring, the abutments 17 and 18 will be forced apart to the limit of the relative rota tion ofthe spring actuating members 15 and 16 upon the shaft 11, the member 16 being rotated in a direction opposite to the direction of the arrow shown on Figure 2 and the member 15 being rotated in a direction opposite to the direction of the arrow shown on Figure 3. It will be observed, however, from aninspection of Figures 2 and 3, that the pressure exerted upon the abutments 17 and 18 is not suicient to unwind the spring 12 to` such an extent that its butside diameter will increase until the. spring comes in contact with the annular bearing surface of the cup 10. In the assembled relation of the parts as j ust described, the cup 10 will rotate freely in either direction relative to the spring and to the spring actuating members 15 and 16. However, Aif either of the spring actuatin members 15 or 16shouldnowbemovedthroug the limit of its oscillatory rotation relative to lthe shaft 11, it will unwind the spring a slight amount, as the other member cannot move in the same direction, and the dimen-L sions of thespring 12 and thel cup 10 are so arranged that this slight amount of unwindnig will bring the exterior surface of the spring in 'contact with the interior surface of the cup 10 and set up a frictional resistance between the spring and the cup tending to further unwind the spring to providev a driving connection between the shafts 9 and 11. For example, with the left-hand wound spring illustrated in connection with the form of device illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 inchisive, if the spring actuating member 16 be moved in the direction of the arrow on Figure 2 to unwind the spring, and the direction of rotation of the spring is in a direction opposite that indicated by the arrow on Figure 2, as soon as a frictional contact is established between the exterior of the spring'at the right-hand end thereof, as illustrated in Figure 1, and the'interior of the cup 10, the

relative motion of these two parts will causev the. spring to further unwind to establish a f firm clutching grip or driving connection between the spring and the cup whereupon power or torque will be transferred from the driving shaft 11 through the actuating member 15 and the abutment 17 to the spring 12l i and from the spring 12 to the cup 10 to provide a driving connection between the shaft 11 and the shaft 9.

Similarly, if the direction of rotation of the shaft 11 and spring 12 be reversed to that described above to thedirection of the arrow in Figure. 2, and the member 15 be actuated be built up between the spring and the cup and torque will betransmitted from the shaft 11 through the actuating member 16, the abutment 18 and the spring 12 to the cup 10 to establish a driving connection between the shafts llfand 9.

For the purpose of controlling the clutch, I provide an axially movable control member 25 which is freely rotatable relative bot-h to the shaft 11 and the cup-10, the cup 10 being provided with a conical surface at its open end adapted to be engaged by a complementary tapered surface on the'periphery of the control member 25 when the latter is moved to the left from the position illustrated in Figure 1. The collar 19 besides maintaining the clutch actuating-members 15 and 16 against axialmotion, also serves as an abutment for a coiled compression spring 27 which surrounds the shaft 11 in an annular offset provided in the control member 25. The control member-25 is provided with an abutment bearing against the end of the compression spring opposite the collar 19 so that the spring tends to hold the control member out of engagement with the cup 10. When it is desired to engage vthe clutch to cause the cup 1Q to be connected to the drive shaft 11, the control member 2,5 is moved to the left as illustrated in Figure 1 against the resilient pressure of the spring 27, this movement being effected through the edium of a shifter collar 30 whichvsurrounjds the shaft 11 ifi abutting relation with the icontrol mem'- ber 25.Y Ifdesiredfan anti-friction thrust bearing may be interposed between the shifter collar and the control member as illustrated in Figure 1. i

; t'ated in Figures 2, 3 a-nd 5, the radial notch As particularly illustrated in 1, 2 and 5thc cont-rol member 25is provided with an axially directed lug 28 which projects into a radial notch 29 formed in thel outer surfacev of the spring actuating member 16. As illus I 29 is materially wide-r than the lug '28 and an axially directed lug 15 on the spring actuating member 15also projects int-o the notch 29 in lateral lcontact with the lug 28. the relation of the lugs 28 and i5 and the slot 29 being particularly illustrated in Figure 5. From an inspection of Figure 2. it will be observed that the lug -15 abuts against the the opposite side of the lug 28 abuts against the side of the radial slot 29. With this relation of the parts, the operation of jthe device is as -follows:

Assuming that the driven shaft 9 and the cup 10 are stationary Vand that the driving shaft 11, together with the clutch structure comprising the elements 15 and 16, the spring 12, and the control member 25, is rotating in .the control member 25 out the direction of the arrow on Figure 2 with of engagement with the cup 10, the shaft 11 and the clutch mechanism will rotate freely relative to thedriven shaft 9. If now, the control member 25 be moved to engage the cup 10a restraining force will be applied to the lug I15 and the spring actua-ting member 15 causing this member to move relative to the shaft 11 in the direction of the arrow on Figure 3, thereby u'nwinding the spring 12 and causing a driving connection to beI established through the spring actuating member 16, the spring 12 and the cup 10 from the driving shaft 11 to the driven shaft 9.

If on the other hand, the driving shaft 11 together with the clutch mechanism be rotatingin the opposite directionfrom that described above, thatis in the direction of the arrow on Figure 3, and the control member 25 be brought into frictional engagement with the stationary cup 10, a restraining force will be applied to the spring actuating element 16 causing this element t-o move relative to the shaft 11 in the direction of the arrow on Figure 2, thereby unwinding the spring and causing a driving connection to be established through the spring actuating member 15, the spring 12 and the cup 10 to the driven shaft 9.

It will, therefore, be apparent that in the operation of the clutch device. illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, when the control member 25 is out of engagement with the cupL 10, the driving shaft 11 cannot drive the drivenshaft 9 in either direction of rotation but that when the control element 25 is in frictional engagement with the cup 10. the driving shaft 11 will drive the driven shaft 9 in'either direction of rotation. It is also apparent that if the application of power be reversed, the mechanism above'described will the springf12 is produced by a tapered or e wedge-shaped lug 28 on the control memberl 25 which projects intoa radial slot 29 in the member 16 between an angularly disposed c wall of the slot and a tapered or wedgeshaped lug 15 projecting from the spring actuating member 15. l From the relation of these elements asparticularly illustrated in Figure 7 itwill be observed that axial movement of the controlv `member 25f toward the left forces the wedgeshaped lug 28 between the wall 'of the radial slot 29 and the wedge-shaped lug 15,there ing In these viewshI employ a driving shaft 100 (left-hand sha )f having a cup formed on one end thereo overlying the corresponding end of aco-axial driven shaft 110 (right-hand shaft). In this form of the invention the clutch spri 12 is also a multiple-wound spiral spring o substantially rectan an outside diameter, when slightly less-than the diameter of the interior bearing surface of the cup-shaped member 10. The two actuating members 15 and 16 havefrespectively the abutments 17 and` 18 the forms of the invention above which engage the respective ends of the spring' as described above. The members and 16, however, in this' form of the invention, are

not mounted in abutting relation upon the' driven shaft 110 but are axially spaced from each other in order to provide space f or a vresilient spring member 31, the opposite ends of which bear respectively on pins 32 and 33 ,which extend toward each other from the acmembers 15vand A16 respectively, as is clearly illustrated in Figure 9.. The sprug ring 31 exerts a force on the pins 32 and sullicent to cause the two actuating members 15 and 16 to be reversely rotated relatively to eachother to such an extent that the sp 12 will be expandedinto e ment wit ularly illustrated in Figure 8, the driven shaft 110 is provided with longitudinal'slots or key .ways and 37 into which project teeth or keys 36 and 38 formed on the spring actuating members 15 and 16 respectivel As 1n escribed, the slots 35 and 37 are materially wider than the 'teeth36 and 38 in order to rotational movement of the members 15 and 16 relative to the shaft and relative to each other to allow for unwinding and of the spring 12 into and out of frictional enga ent with the inner surface of the' cup 10.

ile'for the purpose of simplicity and illustration I have shown only l the driven shaft 110` and only one tooth on each of the members 15 and 16, it will be understood that I may usecomplete sets of co -operating splines, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, if desired. Y

dIn this form of theA invention the parts are so related that when the spring 12 is unwound by the action. of the spring ring 31 into grip; ping relation with the interior surface of the cup 10, the'V keys or teeth 36 and lie lar cross section ha two slots inl 'the ang'llllarly l 2 `against the inner edges 35 and 37 of the slots or keyways 35 and 37 respectively, but a rotational motion of one of the members 15 or 16, such as to bring the respective tooth 36 or 38 to approximately the center of the respective keyway 35 or 37, is sutlicient to permit the sprin to wind up the amount neces sary to vcomp etely release the frictional engggement between the spring 12 and the cup 1 In this forni of the invention, I have prol vided a manual control which permits a one-- way drive in ei :lier direction as well as a twowav drive in both directions, From an'inspection of Figure 8, it -will be observed that the'sides of the teeth 36 and 38'adjacent to the inner edges 35 and 37 of the keywa s 35 and 37 are disposed at'an angle to t e said edges of the keyways so that the sides of the teeth diverge from the edges of the keyways toward the open end of the cup 10, and that in the keyways 35 and 37 I have provided axially slidable keys 39 and 40 respectively, having wedgefshaped end portions within the clutch structure adapted to be inserted between the inner edges 35y and 37 of the kevways 35 and 37 and the angularlydisposed idas of the teenies and 3s tively, to rotate the spring actuating mein rs A15 and 16 in oplposite directions relative .t0 cach other by t e'wedging action of the tapered ends of the keys between the sides of the teeth and the inner edges 35 4and 37 of ICJ maybe manu y moved axially the keyi wavs in theshaft 110. the inner surface-of the cup 0. As particvits:

scribed above, the addition thereto of the v spring ring 31 and the slidable keys 39. and 40 yrender the operation of this form of the inl vention somewhat different from the operation of the devices shown in thev previous views. In the form of the Ainvention illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the spring ring 31 tendsto unwind the spring 12 to such an extent that frictional contact is maintained between the spring 12 and the interior surface of the cup 10 .solong as the wedgeshaped ends of the ke s' 39 and 40 are out of operative contact wit the teeth 36 and 38. Therefore, with the shift collars 41 and 42 moved to the right as viewed in Figure 9, the

clutch is a two-way acting clutch functioning ntothse saine manner as the device in Figures A When both of the shift collars 41 and 42 as viewed in Fi re 9, are moved to the left to the extent of t eir travel, the wedge-shaped ends of the keys 39 and 40 will bear against r i Sidesof the teeth 36,

I .and 38 and .thus rotate the members 15and 16 in opposite directions on the shaft 110 to overcome the action of the spring ring 31 and permit the spring 12 to wind up until its exterior surface is out of contact with the interiorsurface of the cup 10. In this condition, it will be apparent that the drive shaft 100 is freely rotatable in either direction relative to the driven shaft 110.

If, now, the shift collar 42A and its associated key 40 be left in their left-hand position andthe collar 41 together with its associated key 39 be moved to the right to release the toothv 36, the resilient tension of the spring ring 31 will rotate the spring actuating` member 15 to unwind the sprin 12 until it comes in frictional -contact with t e-cup 10. If the driving shaft 100 and the cup 10 now be rotated under power in the direction of the arrow A on Figure 8, it will be apparent that the spring 12 will be further unwound in to gripping Vengagement with the interior of the cup'10 and power will be transmitted through the cup 10, the spring 12 and the spring .actuating member 16 to the driven shaft 110 to'rotate the same in the direction.

indicated by the arrow A.

A. If the direction of rotation of the 'driving shaft 100 and the cup 10 be reversed as indicated by the arrow B on Figure 8, or if the sense of relative' rotation between the shafts 100 and 110 be reversed, it is apparent y that the torque effect of the cup will rotate the spring actuating member against Vthe action of the spring ring 31 in a direction to permit the spring 12 to wind up out 'of frictional contact-with the interior of the cup 10. and that the cup 10 will then rotate f freely relative to the driven shaft 110 in the direction vindicated by the arrow B, or 1n the direction opposite to that in which the clutch transmits torque from the drive shaft I tothe driven shaft as described above.

The fourth operating condition of the clutch illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 is with the shift collar 41 and its associated key 39 in their furthermost left-hand position and the'shift collar 42 together with its associated key at their right-hand position, as viewed in Figure 9.

It will be apparent that in this condition of the control elements, the spring actuating member 15 is rigidly held against rotation and the spring actuating member 16 is permitted an amount of free rotation relative to the shaft 110 limited to the difference in' the circumferential width of the tooth 38 and the slot 37. If, now, the drivingshaft 100 and the' cup 10 be rotated under power in the directionv of the arrow B on Figure 8, the spring 12 will be unwound into gripping rela I tion with the cup 10 in this direction of rotation, the spring ring 31 having, as explained above,'irst rotated the member 16 to bring the spring-,12 into initial frictional contact be transmitted from the shaft 100 and cup' 10 i through the sprin 12, the s ring actuating member 15 to the driven sha t 110.

If the direction of rotation of the driving shaft 100 and cup 10 be reversed as indicated by the arrow A on Figure 8, or if the sense of relative rotation between the shafts 100 and v1-10 be reversed, the spring actuating member 15 will be rotated by the torque of the cup 10 in .the same direction and the spring will be wound up out of frictional contact with the interior surface of the cup 10, permitting the cup to rotate freely in the direction indicated by the arrow A relative to the driven shaft 110.

From the above description it will be ob-` served that the form of clutch illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 has four operative conditions; irst, one in which torque will be trans'- mitted in either direction from the drive` shaft 100 to the driven shaft 110; second, one in which the drive shaft 100 will rotate freely in either direction relative to the driven shaft 110; third, one in which the drive shaft 100 will drive the driven shaft'llO in the direction indicated by the arrow A but will rotate freely relative to the driven shaft yin* the direction indicatedby the arrow B;

fourth, one in which the drive shaft 100 will drive the driven shaft 110 in the direction indicated by the arrow B but in which the drive shaft will rotate freely relative to the driven shaft in the direction of the arrow "A.

From the above description it will be 0b# vdriven shaft` in either direction the drive shaft may drive the driven shaft in either direction, or the drive shaft may selectively drive the driven shaft in either direction` and at the same time rotate freely relative tothe driven shaft in the other direction. h

There are maniy instances in which a clutch having a methoc of operation that falls beity, and in Figure 10 I have illustrated such a device. For example, in a clutch adapted to be inserted between Vthe transmission and driving pose o selectively securing free wheeling or a positive drive, it is desirable that the clutch wheels of an automobile for the pur vtween these two devices, has particular util-` pring 45.

-the dri.'

tively to the driven shaftin the other direction or, in other words, permits free rotation of the driven shaft relative to the drivin shaft in the 'same direction at a her s In F re 10 I have' shown edriving shaft 11 left-hand shaft) and the driven shaft 113 right-hand shaft ha a cup 10 formed on oneend thereo into w ch the end of the shaft 112 .extends in substantially the same manner as in the previous constructions. In this case the clutch ring is a right-hand spring having associated with its ends the two actuating members 46 and` 47 which have abutinents 48vand 49 c ively adapted to en the res tive en of the rojectingl rom the adjacent aces of the actuating members 46 and 47 are e the pins 32-and 33 bettweenv which the s pring ring 31 acts to normally unwind the spring 45 Y into frictional engagement withthe interior surface of the cup 10. inthe manner described above. The actuating member 46, which is the right-hand member illustrated Figure 10, is provided with a tooth 50 formed thereon which extends into a ve 51y formed in shaft 112, t e, oove being of greater wi th than the toot 50; in order to permit a limited rotation of the actuating member 46 relative to the shaft 112 in a direction to cause the associated abutment 48 to l tend to recede from engagement with the adjacent end of the spring 45.

- The opposite spring actiiating1member`47` is freely rotatably mounted upon the driving shaft 112 and haszan .annular sleeve portion surrounding vthe shaft'112 extending outwardly from the 'main clutch structure. This spring actuating member 47 is maintained in operative ses.

against is provided with a o 'tion' in the clutch structure and against axial separation from the spring actu-l ating member 46 by 'means of an annular thrustplate'secured to the cu 10 by means of a flange on the cun andbo ts or rivets ur I othersuitable securinmeans In this form of my evice the manual'contrdl means comprises a shift collar 53 slidbly mounted-upon the jacent to the outwardly projecting 'on of the spring actuating membe'r 47 an Ima' rotation relative to the shaft 112 by means of longitudinal slots formed in the dri shaft and coo ting teethv vldin theshiftco sp ri ai acting at its ends upon thepinsnan 33 1 113 be increased in -arrow A and that the spring45 wi `wound up 'out ofdriving engagement with the y into contactwith the ed 10 Athe shiftY collar' Acup 10 w ich is formed tends to rotate the spring actuating elements I 46 and 47 in opposite directions to unwind the spring 45 into frictional eng ent 'with the interior of the cup 10, thel dimensions of the spring 45 and the cup 10 being such that whenthe exterior surface of the spring is in frictional engagement with the-interior' surface ofthe cup 10,l the tooth 50 on the mem` berl 46 will be centrally located relative to e the slot 51. In this condition of the parts it will be observed that if the driving shaft@ 112 be rotated under wel"l in the direction of the arrow A on igure 10, the spring 45 will be further unwound into gripping relation with the interiorA surface of the cu' 10 and power will be transmitted from the 'ving shaft 112 through the spring actuating member 47, which is held against 4rotation vrelative to the shaft by the shift 'collar .53,

the spring 45 and the cup 10 to the driven shaft' 113. If now the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 112 be reversed to the direction indicated by the arrow B on Figure 10, or similarly, if the s d of the driven shaft. e direction of the arrow A until its rotational speed is greater than the rotational speed of the drive shaft '112, A

it is apparent that the spring actuating member46 will be moved by the torque of the driving shaft 112 or the reverse torque of the driven shaft 113 in the direction indicated b titi;

interior surface of the -cu 10 and. that the shaft 112 will rotate yrrelative to the shaft 113in the direction of the arrow B,

. If, now, the shift collai 53, as illustrated in Figure 10, be moved to the right, it is la parent that the spring actuating member 4 will be rotatedre ative to the driving shaftl V112 and the' ring actuating member 46 in the direction indicated b the arrow A, there'- by bringing the too 50 of the member 46 51 of theslot 51. at the same time permittingthe spring 45 to be unwoundinto frictional engagement with the interior surface of the cup 10. 4In this condition of the parts, it is apparent that when the driving shaft 112 is rotated under power in the direction'indicated the arrow A the spring actuating member 46 will be movegin the dircttihon-indicated by the arrow 'to unwin e spring into ping relation with the interior surface ogntge the driving shaft v112 through-'the ring actuating member 47 and shift collar" Y to cup 10 and power maybe transmitted from v the sprin 45 and from the spring 45 to the' l A driven shaft 113. A

If, no'w, the direction of the driving shaft 112 be reversed to thedirection indicated by the arrow B, it is apparent that the spring actuating member 46 which has been rotated` by the shift collar 53 in the direction of the' the spring actuating member 46 yand t e spring tothe cup 10 which is formed on the driven shaft 113.

It will, therefore, be ap arent that in Figure 10 I have provided tween a pair of aligned shafts a clutch having two modes of operation; iirst, one in which ower is transmitted from the driving sh to the driven shaft in one direction of rotation only, and in which the driven shaft may overrun the driving shaft in the same direction at a higher speed, and second, that mode of operation in which' the two shafts are rigidly coupled together in both directions of rota- While I have illustrated and described a preferred mechanical embodiment of the idea of my invention and three somewhat modified forms thereof, it is to be understood that i the invention is not limited to the specific mechanical features illustrated and described and that such changes in the size, shape and arrangement of parts may be resorted to as come within the scope of the sub-joined l others skilled in the art may clearly under- Having now described my invention so that stand the same, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:

I claim as my invention:

1 In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching element located within lsaid recess and adapted tobe expanded into gripping engagement with the wall of said recess when subjected to an unwinding torque, `a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member and coaxial with said recess, means associated with said helical elementJ near each end thereof for limiting relative rotation of said second member and helical element, and provisions for independently adjusting each of said means while the device is in operation to control the extent of relative rotation of said second member and helical element.

2. In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching element located Within said recess and adapted to be expanded into gripping engagement with the wall of said recess when subjected to' an unwinding torque` a second member'rotatable relatively to said recessed member andv coaxial with said recess, means respectively associated with the ends of said helical 'elementfor limitingfrelative rotation of thehelical element ,and said second member in opposite directions, saidhelical element having when unstressed a diameter such that it exerts substantially no radial pressure on the wall of said recess, and yielding means acting between the ends ofsaid helical element and subjecting it to a torque in a direction to unwind and expand it into operative engagement with the wall ofsaid recess.

3. In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching element located within saidvrecess and adapted to be expanded into gripping engagement'with the wall of said recess when subjected to a unwinding torque, a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member and coaxial with said recess, means respectively@ associated with the ends of said helical element for limiting relative rotation of the helical element and said second member in opposite directions, provisions for adjusting said rotation-limiting means to vary the extent of relative rotation of said second member and said helical element, said helical ele,- ment having when unstressed a diameter such that it exerts substantially no radial pressure on .the Wall of said recess, and yielding means acting between the ends vof said helical element and subjecting it to a torque in a direction to unwind and expand it into operative engagement with the wall of said recess.

4. In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching element located Within said recess and adapted to be expanded into gripping engagement with the Wall'of said recess when subjected to an un- Winding torque, a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member and coaxial with said recess, said helical element bearing yieldingly aga-inst the Wall of said recess whereby its rotation relative to said recessed member will be frictionally opposed, means associated with one end of said helical element for limiting with lost-motion its rotation in one direction relative to said second member, and provisions for controlling angular movement ofthe other end of said helical element relative to said second member` y 5. In combination', a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching element located Within saidrecess and adapted to be expanded into gripping engagement with the Wall of said recess when subjected to an unwinding torque, a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member and co-axial with said recess, means respectively' associated with the ends vof said helical element for limiting relative rotation of the helical element and said lsecond member in. opposite directions, said helical element having when unstressed a diameter such that it exerts substantially no radial pressure on the Wall of said recess, and yielding means acting against one end of said helical element and reacting against the other end independently of said second member for apply ing to the helical element an unwinding torque causing cess. i

relatively to said recessed member c0- axial with said recess, means respectively as# sociated with the endsof-said 'helical elecularfricton surface, ahelical clutchi 'l l 'member rotatable relatively to said first member andro-axial with said surface, means associated with the ends of'said helical element for limiting relative rotation ment for limiting relative rotation 'of the helical element andA saidsecond member 'in 'opposite directions, said helical element having when unstressed a diameter such that it exerts substantially noradial pressure on the wall of'said recess, and means act'Y against one end of said helicalI element an reacting against the other end independently of said second member'for applying to the helical element anunwin it to engage operativelywall of 7. In combination, a member having a circular friction surface, a helical .clu element associatedwith said surface and a aptelifrip said surface frictionally when sub- 1 member rotatable relatively to said first lmember and cti-axial with said surface, means associated with 4said'helieal element each end thereof forlimiting relative rotation of said second` member'and helical element, and' provisions for inde ndently adjusting eachv of sa'id means wh' e the de- -vice `is in operation to .control theextent of relative-rotation of said second member a'nd lie'licalelement. f

8. .:I n"combination, a member havin a cre ement associated with said surface and a apt- @d to said surface frictionally when subf1 tof'a torque in one direction, a-second tively of the helical element and 'said second member in vop ite directions, said helical-ele.

mentqhavmg when unstressed a! diameter As-uclgftliat it exerts substantially no. radial ress ure on said friction surface, and yield-- means-acting between the ends of said he l'eleme'nt und subjectin it to a torque in a. ire'ction'to' cause' the he ical element to grip said friction surface. 9.' combination, a member having a cir adaptedI to grip s ald surface frictionally whenjs'u to a torque in one direction a secondA member rotatable relatively to said first -membelffamlco-axial with said surface, means "respectively associated with the ends he ic of said al element for limiting'relative rotation of the helical elementandsaid sec' ond member in opposite directions, provisions,

torque to atorque inon'e direction, a second ith said' surface l and- .ond member in opposite directions, 'said heli- `ment; an

forfadjusting said rotation-limiting means to the extent of relative rotation of said secon member and said helicall element, said helical element having 'when unstressed a diameter such that it exertssubstantially .no

radial pressure on saidl friction surface and when subjected to a terque in one direction, c

a second member rotatable relatively te said -lirst member and co-axial with said surface,

said helical 'element bearing yieldingly againstv said friction surface whereby its rotation relative to said -first member will be frictionall means associated with one end o sai .helical element for'limiting with lost-motion its rotation in one direction relative to said second member, and provi' sions` for controll' an ular movement of the other end of sai Y helical element relative to said second member.

` 11. In combination, amember having a circular 'friction surface, a helical clutchin element associatedv .with said surface an adapted to grip said surface ,frictionally when subjected to a torque in onedirection, a second member rotatablel relativel ,to'said first member and co-axial with sai surface, means res tively associatedwith the ends of 'said heliecal element for' limitin c al element having whenunstressed a diameter such that it exerts substantially' no' radial relative" rotation of the ,helical element an said sec'. ond member in 'opposite-directions, 4said helipressure onsaid friction surface, and ield- 1 means acting against one end o said he cal element and reacting against the other end independently of said 'second member for a plying to said helical element a torque in a 'rection 4to cause it to engage said 'friction surface .o ratively. 12. In com ination, a' member' hav' a circular friction surface, a'helical clutchm element associated with 'said surface an adapted to grip Vsaid frictionally when subjectedl to a torquein one direction,

a second member rotatable relatively te saidv u first memberv and co-axial with said surface, means respectively associated with the ends of said'helical element for limiting relative rotation of the helical 1 element and said seccal element' having when unstressed a diameter such that it exertssubstantially no radial pressure on Vsaid Vfriction 'surface,-and means acting aainst'one end 'of said helical elereacting against the other end independently of said second member' for applying to said lheli'calelement Aa-torque in a direction to cause it to engage said friction surface operatively. J

13. In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching element located within said recess and adapted to be expanded into gripping engagement with thewall of said recess when subjected to au unwindin torque, a second member rotatable relatlvely to said recessed .member and co-axial with said recess, an actuator operatively engaging said helical element near each end thereof. and rotatable relatively to said second member, means for limiting rotation of each actuator relative to said second member in a direction to cause its disengagement from the adjacent end of the helical element, 'and yielding means for expanding said helical element into gripping engagement with the wall of said recess.

14. In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutchin element located Within said recess and a apted to be expanded into gripping engagementv with the wall of said recess when subjected to an unwinding torque, a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member and coaxial with said recess, an actuator operativel ly en aging said helical element near each end t ereof and rotatable relatively to said second member, means for limiting rotation of each actuator relative to said second meml ber in a direction to cause its disen a ement Tfrom the adjacent e'nd of the helica e ement,

.and

j yielding means acting between said actuators and tending to rotate them relatively in a direction to unwind and expand said helical element into gripping engagement with the wall of said recess.

15. In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching elementlocated within said recess and adapted to be expanded into gripping enga ement with the wall of said recess when su jected to an unwinding torque, a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member andv co-axial with said recess, said helical elemerit bearing yieldingly against the wall of said recess whereby its rotation relative to said recessed member will be frictionally opposed, an actuator operatively engaging said elical element near each end thereof and -rtatable relatively to lsaid second member,

means for limiting rotation of each actuator in a direction to cause its disen agement from the adjacent end of vsaid he ical .element, and adjustable control means for limiting relative rotation of said second memberV and each actuator in the opposite direction.

16. In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching element locatedwithin saidrecess and adapted to be expanded into gripping engagement with the wall of said rece when subjected to an unwinding torque, a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member and coaxial with said recess, -said helical element bearing ieldinglyagain'st the wall of saidv recess W ereby its rotation relative to said recessed member will be frictionally opposed, an actuator operatively engagin said helical element near each end thereo and rotatable relatively to said second member, means for limiting rotation of each actuator in aA direction to cause its disengagement from the adjacent end of said helical element, and adjustable control means for limiting relative rotation of said second member and one actu ator in the opposite direction.

17. In combination, a member having a circular recess, a helical clutching element located within said recess and adapted to be expanded into gripping engagement with the wall o'f said recess when subjected t0 an unwinding torque, a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member and co- .axial with said recess, said helical element' member.

18. In combination, a member having a f circular recess, a helical clutching element located within said recess and adapted to be expanded intol gripping engagement with the wall of said recess when subjected to an unwinding torque, a second member rotatable relatively to said recessed member and coaxial with said recess, means associated with said second member and having anvabutment enga in one end of said helical element within t e rejected limits of thev cross-section thereof? cal element near the opposite end thereof for preventing axial movement of said helical element away from said abutment, said helical element having when unstressed a diame means associated with said heli-` ter such that it exerts substantially no radial `i 2 on one of said shafts a helical spring within ameter such that it exerts substantially no4 radial pressure on the wall of said recess, and

ielding means actin against one end of said elical element an reacting against the other end for applying tothe helical element an unwindingjtorque causing it to engage operatively the -wall of said recess.

20. A device of theclass described comprising, driving and -driven shafts, a cup said cup, actuating members mounted on one of said shafts operable to' expand said spring into engagement with said cup, and actuating member controlling means to selectively provide a one-way or a two-way driving connecr tion between said shafts.

. prismg, one o 21. Afdevice of the class described com-v driving and driven shafts, a cup on said shafts, a helical spring within said cup, actuating members mounted on the other of said shafts operable to expand said spring into engagement with said cup, and

` means longitudinally movable upon said other shaft controlling said actnatlng members to selectively provide a one-way "or a two-way driving connection between said shafts.

22; A device `of the class" described comprisin driving and driven shafts, a cup on one o said shafts, a helical spring within said cup, actuating members operatively env gagin the ends of said spring mounted on one o said shafts having limited rotation relative thereto operable to expand said spring into engagement with said cup, and actuating member controlling means operable to rotate said actuating members relative to said shafts to selectively provide a one-wayor a two-way ,driving connection between saidshafts.

23. A motor vehicle drive comprising, driving 'and driven shafts, a cup formed on o ne .of said shafts, actuating members mounted on the other of said shafts, a helical spring interposed between said actuating members and said cup o erable by the rotation of said actuating mem rs relative to said shafts to expand said spring into engagement with -said cup, and operator actuated controlling means associated with said actuating members to selectively provide a one-way or a two-way driving connection between said shafts.v

' same direction.

24. A motor vehicle drive comprising driving and driven shafts, a cup on oneo said shafts, a helical spring within said cu' actuating members on the other of said shafts, each actuating member havin a por- 7 tion extending within said spring an a portion engage'able with an end of said spring' operable to expand said spring into enga ment with said cup, and operator contro ed. means associated with said actuatin members to selectively provide throng said spring a driving connection between said 6 shafts in either direction.

25. In combination, a pair of ali ed shafts, a cup on one of said shafts, a he ical spring within said cup adapted to be expanded into gripping engagement with said cup, means on the other of said shafts having an abutment engaging said spring at one end thereof approximately in line with and normal to the helical pitch of said spring, means to constrain said spring against axial move-- ment away from said abutment, and friction means engageable with'said cup to ex and said spring into engagement therewit to provide a driving connection between said shafts.

26. In combination, a pair of al' ed shafts, a cup on one of said shafts, a he ical spring within said cup .adapted to be expanded into engagement with said cup, means on tl`e other of said shafts engageable with one -end of said spring approximately in line with and normal to the helical pitch of said sprin to provide a driving connection between sai spring and said shafts, and yieldin means acting against the opposite end of sai sp and re-acting against the first named enldutl said spring for applying unwinding torque to said spring to thereby cause it to operative- 1y engage said cup.

27. In combination, a drive shaft, a driven shaft, one of said shafts having a cup thereon,l a helical spring located within said cup and adapted to bc expanded into gripping engagement therewith, means respectlvely associated with the ends of said spring for limiting relative rotation thereof and said other shaft in opposite directions, and yielding means acting between the ends of said spring subjecting it to a torque in a direction to unwind and expand it into operative engage ment with vsaid cup to cause said shafts to rotate at substantially the same speed in the In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Indianapolis, Indiana, this 22nd day of February, A. D. one thousand nine hundred and thirty-one.

' 125 'WILLIAM B. BARNES. 

